I. MEASURING RESISTANCE

Purpose: To use three different measuring instruments to measure and compare resistances.

<>Equipment List:
    Simpson VOM
    hand-held DMM
    HP-DMM
    Three carbon-type resistors:  from about 500 to 500,000 ohms    

Introduction:
In this lab, you will learn to use three different meters to measure resistances. You will also learn (but not need to memorize) the carbon type resistor color code. You will then compare these values to confirm their accuracy.

Color Code:
Tolerance (i.e., nominal uncertainty)
    None   20%
    Silver  10%
    Gold    5%
    Red     2%
    Brown 1%
    Green  0.50%
    Blue    0.25%
    Violet  0.10%
    Gery   0.05%
 

    (No color present; just the background color of the body of the resistor)  20% (+ or - nominal value)
COLOR    DIGIT    MULTPLIER (i.e., power of ten as the third color)
Black        0    0
Brown       1    1
Red           2    2
Orange       3    3
Yellow       4    4
Green         5    5
Blue           6    6
Violet         7    -2
Grey          8    -1
White         9


Holding the resistor so that the bands of color are located toward the left side of the resistor, the first and second colors give the two significant figures of the resistor's value (no decimal point between them). The third color from the left gives the power of ten. The fourth color (if it exists) is the tolerance value.



Procedure:
1. Measure the resistance of all three resistors with the VOM, hand-held DMM, and HP DMM (use 2 wire mode). Perform a discrepancy test against each measurement compared to the nominal value stamped with the color code on the resistor. (Optional) Try a "four wire" resistance test for greater precision when using the HP DMM; compare the precision of the four wire measurement to the regular two wire. State whether the measured value lies within the most probable range determined from the tolerance stamped on the resistor. Comment on the accuracy of the three measuring instruments used. Understand what range setting on your instrument gives the most precise reading.

2. Measure your own resistance, from one hand to the other; examine how it can change as you change the tightness of your grip or as your hands become moist.
 

Conclusion:
Comment as to whether any of the meters consistently lacked accuracy and in what range. Look for trends.

More:
Your instructor may choose to provide an assortment of light bulbs, some working, some not. Learn to use an ohm meter to perform a continuity test to see which bulb works and which does not.